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KMID : 0923620140140030128
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Immune Network
2014 Volume.14 No. 3 p.128 ~ p.137
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Differential Roles of Lung Dendritic Cell Subsets Against Respiratory Virus Infection
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Kim Tae-Hoon
Lee Heung-Kyu
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Abstract
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Respiratory viruses can induce acute respiratory disease. Clinical symptoms and manifestations are dependent on in-teractions between the virus and host immune system. Dendritic cells (DCs), along with alveolar macrophages, con-stitute the first line of sentinel cells in the innate immune re-sponse against respiratory viral infection. DCs play an es-sential role in regulating the immune response by bridging in-nate and adaptive immunity. In the steady state, lung DCs can be subdivided into CD103＋ conventional DCs (cDCs), CD11b＋ cDCs, and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). In the in-flammatory state, like a respiratory viral infection, mono-cyte-derived DCs (moDCs) are recruited to the lung. In in-flammatory lung, discrimination between moDCs and CD11b＋ DCs in the inflamed lung has been a critical chal-lenge in understanding their role in the antiviral response. In particular, CD103＋ cDCs migrate from the intraepithelial base to the draining mediastinal lymph nodes to primarily in-duce the CD8＋ T cell response against the invading virus. Lymphoid CD8α＋ cDCs, which have a developmental rela-tionship with CD103＋ cDCs, also play an important role in viral antigen presentation. Moreover, pDCs have been re-ported to promote an antiviral response by inducing type I in-terferon production rather than adaptive immunity. However, the role of these cells in respiratory infections remains unclear. These different DC subsets have functional special-ization against respiratory viral infection. Under certain viral infection, contextually controlling the balance of these speci-alized DC subsets is important for an effective immune re-sponse and maintenance of homeostasis.
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KEYWORD
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Dendritic cells, Influenza, Respiratory syncytial vi-rus, Lung, Infection
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